Pseudo-colour with K-means Clustering Algorithm for Acute Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation in Brain MRI

Segmentation of an acute ischemic stroke from a single modality of a greyscale magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential and challenging task. Recently, there are several numbers of related works on the automatic segmentation of infarct lesion from the input image and give a high accuracy in extraction of infarct lesion. Still, limited works have been reported in isolating the penumbra tissues and infarct core separately. The segmentation of the penumbra tissues is necessary because that region has the potential to recover. This paper presented an automated segmentation algorithm on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) image utilizing pseudo-colour conversion and K-means clustering techniques. A greyscale image contains only intensity information and often misdiagnosed due to overlap intensity of an image. Colourization is the method of adding colours to greyscale images which allocate luminance or intensity for red, green, and blue channels. The greyscale image is converted to pseudo-colour is to intensify the visual perception and deliver more information. Then, the algorithm segments the region of interest (ROI) using K-means clustering. The result shows the potential of automated segmentation to differentiate between the healthy and lesion tissues with 90.08% in accuracy and 0.89 in dice coefficient. The development of an automated segmentation algorithm was successfully achieved by entirely depending on the computer with minimal interaction

A Review of MRI Acute Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation

Immediate treatment of a stroke can minimize long-term effects and even help reduce death risk. In the ischemic stroke cases, there are two zones of injury which are ischemic core and ischemic penumbra zone. The ischemic penumbra indicates the part that is located around the infarct core that is at risk of developing a brain infarction. Recently, various segmentation methods of infarct lesion from the MRI input images were developed and these methods gave a high accuracy in the extraction and detection of the infarct core. However, only some limited works have been reported to isolate the penumbra tissues and infarct core separately. The challenges exist in ischemic core identification are traditional approach prone to error, time-consuming and tedious for medical expert which could delay the treatment. In this paper, we study and analyse the segmentation algorithms for brain MRI ischemic of different categories. The focus of the review is mainly on the segmentation algorithms of infarct core with penumbra and infarct core only. We highlight the advantages and limitations alongside the discussion of the capabilities of these segmentation algorithms and its key challenges. The paper also devised a generic structure for automated stroke lesion segmentation. The performance of these algorithms was investigated by comparing different parameters of the surveyed algorithms. In addition, a new structure of the segmentation process for segmentation of penumbra is proposed by considering the challenges remains. The best accuracy for segmentation of infarct core and penumbra tissues is 82.1% whereas 99.1% for segmentation infarct core only. Meanwhile, the shortest average computational time recorded was 3.42 seconds for segmenting 10 slices of MR images. This paper presents an inclusive analysis of the discussed papers based on different categories of the segmentation algorithm. The proposed structure is important to enable a more robust and accurate assessment in clinical practice. This could be an opportunity for the medical and engineering sector to work together in designing a complete end-to-end automatic framework in detecting stroke lesion and penumbra

Development of Acute Stroke Lesion Segmentation Algorithm in Brain MRI using Pseudo-colour with K-means Clustering

Manual segmentation infarct core of acute ischemic stroke from medical imaging currently faces a few challenges and causes a high intra- and inter-observer difference. Besides the present standard is tedious and time taking task performed by the radiologists, and the outcome is depending on their experience. Research has shown that an automated segmentation from the Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) is potentially giving more effective and accurate results. This study aims to develop an automatic segmentation by utilizing clustering algorithm for acute ischemic stroke lesion identification. Developing an automatic segmentation, the question remains: To what extent does an automatic segmentation give accurate results in segmenting the acute ischemic stroke region from the medical images, particularly in MRI image? Based on the thorough review of the literature on the automated segmentation of acute ischemic stroke, it can conclude that automatic segmentation consists of image acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation, and validation of the segmented image from the MRI. The result in this work shows the potential of the automated segmentation can distinguish between the healthy and affected brain tissue by high as 90.08% in accuracy and 0.89 in the dice coefficient. The development of an automatic segmentation algorithm was successfully achieved by entirely depending on the computer without human interaction. Further research is needed to identify other factors that could increase the effectiveness of automated segmentation

Real time remote monitoring system for cardiac disease patient

Cardiovascular disease such as acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is a focus for this project. AMI or known as heart attack has remained the main cause of death among Malaysians for the past 10 years. Cardiovascular disease recorded the second highest of the death at 7.1 per cent. This project aim is to develop a wearable hardware based concept of the remote monitoring system using Arduino with the sensors. This project is related to the bio-engineering field as it involved human health. In this monitoring system, the device includes wearable body sensors in the module for continuous monitoring and rapid detection of human health before it leads to clinically significant concern. The purpose system for this device includes Arm module and sub module whereby data such as heart rate are collected by the arm module before it transmits to the sub module to perform the analysis. Other than that, body parameters such acceleration, motion and rotation of human body and skin temperature also recorded. Through this monitoring system, the individual with a high risk of cardiac disease can easily detect his symptoms daily. Hence, he or she can prevent any circumstances to occur and take immediate action

A Review of MRI Acute Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation

Immediate treatment of a stroke can minimize long-term effects and even help reduce death risk. In the ischemic stroke cases, there are two zones of injury which are ischemic core and ischemic penumbra zone. The ischemic penumbra indicates the part that is located around the infarct core that is at risk of developing a brain infarction. Recently, various segmentation methods of infarct lesion from the MRI input images were developed and these methods gave a high accuracy in the extraction and detection of the infarct core. However, only some limited works have been reported to isolate the penumbra tissues and infarct core separately. The challenges exist in ischemic core identification are traditional approach prone to error, time-consuming and tedious for medical expert which could delay the treatment. In this paper, we study and analyse the segmentation algorithms for brain MRI ischemic of different categories. The focus of the review is mainly on the segmentation algorithms of infarct core with penumbra and infarct core only. We highlight the advantages and limitations alongside the discussion of the capabilities of these segmentation algorithms and its key challenges. The paper also devised a generic structure for automated stroke lesion segmentation. The performance of these algorithms was investigated by comparing different parameters of the surveyed algorithms. In addition, a new structure of the segmentation process for segmentation of penumbra is proposed by considering the challenges remains. The best accuracy for segmentation of infarct core and penumbra tissues is 82.1% whereas 99.1% for segmentation infarct core only. Meanwhile, the shortest average computational time recorded was 3.42 seconds for segmenting 10 slices of MR images. This paper presents an inclusive analysis of the discussed papers based on different categories of the segmentation algorithm. The proposed structure is important to enable a more robust and accurate assessment in clinical practice. This could be an opportunity for the medical and engineering sector to work together in designing a complete end-to-end automatic framework in detecting stroke lesion and penumbra